Solar panels or to be technically correct Photovoltaic panels ( PV ) are solid state semiconductor devices that convert sunlight directly into electricity. Photovoltaic or solar panels are very reliable and require no maintenance other than periodic cleaning. They are a good source of electricity because they are very reliable, simple to operate and do not require fuel.
Solar panels are made in many sizes depending on their use. The smallest power wrist watches and calculators whilst arrays of large modules can power a whole village. Virtually any electrical need can be met by an appropriately designed PV system. Modules produce direct current (DC) only and are arranged in multiple banks to increase either voltage and/or current produced.
There are three main types of PV cells:
Mono-crystalline silicon, or single-crystal, cells are cut from a pure silicon crystal. They are about the thickness of a fingernail and are the most efficient and expensive cells on the market.
- Poly-crystalline silicon cells are made from a block of silicon
that has multiple crystals in it. They are easier to manufacture, but are
not as efficient as mono-crystalline cells.
- Thin-film cells are manufactured by depositing thin layers
of silicon and other chemicals onto a sheet of glass, plastic, or metal. These
are the least expensive to manufacture, but also have the lowest operating
efficiency of all the cells. Thin film cells are commonly used in calculators.
- Solar panels are usually designed for direct sunshine but can generate 50-70%
of rated output in bright overcast conditions , and up to 10% under a cloudy
sky. Panels should be sited facing true South at an angle of = local latitude
plus 15 degrees . i.e. Gloucester UK Latitude of 51.5 +15 = 66.5 degrees from
the horizontal. Avoid panel shading wherever possible especially during the
middle (most energy productive) of the day.
Solar panel systems can be as simple as 1 module directly driving a load such
as a direct driven fan, or may include batteries to provide power whenever
it is needed. Battery systems use electronic control systems to regulate charging
and discharging for optimum efficiency. Larger systems may have DC/AC devices
called inverters to power normal domestic appliances with 240v at 50 Hz (domestic
power).
Solar Products
- Part no. SP001 This universal battery charger will accept the most popular battery sizes, AAA, AA, C and D, and charge two of the same size and type simultaneously. On a good sunny day, two AA batteries will be charged in about three to four hours. There is a built-in blocking diode to protect the solar cells during poor lighting conditions. On the base. there is an adjustable stand to help position the charger for optimum charging. Dimensions: 170 x 76 x 56 mm. Price £16.89
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